तापमान का ऊर्ध्वाधर वितरण (VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE)
सामान्यतः पहले पृथ्वी की सतह गर्म होती है फिर उसके संपर्क में आने वाली वायु की निचली परत एवं उसके पश्चात अलग-अलग विधि से ऊपर की परतें उससे कुछ कम गर्म होती हैं ज्यों ज्यों हम समुद्र तल से ऊपर की ओर जाते हैं विक्षोभ मंडल में तापमान निरंतर गिरता जाता है क्योंकि मानव के प्रभाव क्षेत्र की दृष्टि से निचली परत का विशेष महत्व है अतः इसी को आधार मानकर तापमान की ऊंचाई के अनुसार वितरण समझाया जाता है क्षोभमंडल के पश्चात समताप मंडल में तापमान स्थिर रहते हैं और साथ निरंतर गिरने को ही तापमान का सामान्य हास एवं तापमान गिरने की दर को सामान्य दर (normal lapse rate) कहते हैं आवश्यक रूप से यह 6.5 °c प्रति किलोमीटर है ऊंचाई पर निरंतर घटता वायुदाब धूल के कण एवं जल वास्तव में कमी आ कारणों से तापमान की हास दर भी सभी ऊंचई पर समान नहीं रहती है प्रारंभ में दो ढाई किलो मीटर तक 5 °c प्रति किलोमीटर इसके पश्चात लगभग 6 किलोमीटर तक 6 °c प्रति किलोमीटर एवं इसके ऊपर 7 °c प्रति किलोमीटर की दर से तापमान गिरता है इस प्रकार वायुमंडल की निचली परतो में वायुदाब अधिक रहने सूर्यताप की अधिक अवशोषण प्राप्ति तथा प्राप्ति पृथ्वी से भौमिक विकिरण से सीधा संपर्क रहने के कारण उसमें अधिक प्राप्त होते हैं और हास दर भी कम रहती है किंतु लगभग 7 किलोमीटर के पश्चात धात गिरने की दर पुनः घटने लगती है जेट स्ट्रीम के प्रभाव एवं अचल स्तर की सीमा होने के कारण ताप गिरने की वजह कुछ ऊंचाई तक स्थिर भी रह सकता है यही नहीं आद्र वायु एवं शुष्क वायु इतिहास दर में भी नमी के प्रभाव से भी नेत रहती है जब वायु में नमी रहती है तो वास्को में मौजूद गुप्त उस्मा ताप के गिरने की दर को नियंत्रित करती रहती है क्योंकि जब वाष्प कण जल में बदलते हैं तो वाष्प अपनी गुप्त उस्मा(latent heat) वायुुुुु को दे देती इससे ऊंचाई बढ़नेेे के साथ-साथ ताप घटने की दर कम हो जाती है या रुक जाती है इसे ही रुद्धोष्म दर (adiabatic rate) कहते हैं वर्षा ऋतु में विश्वत रेखा प्रदेश में ऐसी स्थितिि सामान्य विकसित होती है आधुुुनिक काल मेंं वैज्ञानििक पर्यवेक्षणओ केेेेेेेेेे आधार पर यह पता लगाया गया कि लगभग 12 किलोमीटर ऊंचाई केेे पश्चात तापमान का गिरना रुक जाताा है आज इसे ही समताप मंडल कहते हैं।
......................English Translate .........................
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE
Generally, first the surface of the Earth is warm, then the lower layer of air coming in contact with it and then the top layer by different method is slightly less hot as we go above sea level temperature in the storm system. It falls continuously because the lower layer is of special importance from the point of view of the human area of influence, so the distribution according to the height of the temperature is explained by taking this as the basis. It says that the temperature in the stratosphere after the troposphere is constant and the normal loss of temperature and the rate of fall of temperature is called normal rate (normal lapse rate). Decreasing air pressure, dust particles and water actually decrease due to loss of temperature also does not remain the same at all heights. Initially, two and a half kilometers up to 5 ° c per kilometer. The temperature falls at a rate of 6 ° c per kilometer and 7 ° c per kilometer above it for about 6 kilometers, thus the higher the air pressure in the lower layers of the atmosphere, the greater absorption of sunlight and the direct contact with physical radiation from the earth. Due to this more are obtained and the loss rate is also low but after about 7 kilometers the rate of falling of the metal starts to decrease again. And due to the level of fixed level, the reason for the heat fall can be stable even to some altitude. Not only this, even in the humid air and dry air history rate is also affected by the effect of moisture, when there is moisture in the air, then the secret present in Vasco Usma keeps the rate of heat falling because when the vapor particles turn into water, the vapor gives its secret latum heat to the air, thus increasing the height as well as heat The rate of decrease decreases or stops. This is called adiabatic rate. Such condition develops in the rainy world region during rainy season. In modern times, it was found that on the basis of scientific observations it was found that about 12 kilometers Fall of temperature stops after the height, today it is called stratosphere.
......................English Translate .........................
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE
Generally, first the surface of the Earth is warm, then the lower layer of air coming in contact with it and then the top layer by different method is slightly less hot as we go above sea level temperature in the storm system. It falls continuously because the lower layer is of special importance from the point of view of the human area of influence, so the distribution according to the height of the temperature is explained by taking this as the basis. It says that the temperature in the stratosphere after the troposphere is constant and the normal loss of temperature and the rate of fall of temperature is called normal rate (normal lapse rate). Decreasing air pressure, dust particles and water actually decrease due to loss of temperature also does not remain the same at all heights. Initially, two and a half kilometers up to 5 ° c per kilometer. The temperature falls at a rate of 6 ° c per kilometer and 7 ° c per kilometer above it for about 6 kilometers, thus the higher the air pressure in the lower layers of the atmosphere, the greater absorption of sunlight and the direct contact with physical radiation from the earth. Due to this more are obtained and the loss rate is also low but after about 7 kilometers the rate of falling of the metal starts to decrease again. And due to the level of fixed level, the reason for the heat fall can be stable even to some altitude. Not only this, even in the humid air and dry air history rate is also affected by the effect of moisture, when there is moisture in the air, then the secret present in Vasco Usma keeps the rate of heat falling because when the vapor particles turn into water, the vapor gives its secret latum heat to the air, thus increasing the height as well as heat The rate of decrease decreases or stops. This is called adiabatic rate. Such condition develops in the rainy world region during rainy season. In modern times, it was found that on the basis of scientific observations it was found that about 12 kilometers Fall of temperature stops after the height, today it is called stratosphere.
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